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Monday, 13 April 2020
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This blog based on two major concepts:
Once a password is guessed or cracked, it can be the launching point for escalating privileges, executing applications, hiding files, and covering tracks. If guessing a password fails, then passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools such as a dictionary or brute-force method.
include sniffing, man-in-the-middle, and replay attacks. Moreover, a passive online attack is also known as sniffing the password on a wired or wireless network. A passive attack is not detectable to the end user. The password is captured during the authentication process and can then be compared against a dictionary file or word list. User account passwords are commonly hashed or encrypted when sent on the network to prevent unauthorized access and use. If the password is protected by encryption or hashing, special tools in the hacker's toolkit can be used to break the algorithm.
Another passive online attack is known as man-in-the-middle (MITM). In a MITM attack, the hacker intercepts the authentication request and forwards it to the server. By inserting a sniffer between the client and the server, the hacker is able to sniff both connections and capture passwords in the process.
A replay attack is also a passive online attack; it occurs when the hacker intercepts the password en route to the authentication server and then captures and resend the authentication packets for later authentication. In this manner, the hacker doesn't have to break the password or learn the password through MITM but rather captures the password and reuses the password-authentication packets later to authenticate as the client.
mated password guessing. Moreover, The easiest way to gain administrator-level access to a system is to guess a simple password assuming the administrator used a simple password. Password guessing is an active online attack. It relies on the human factor involved in password creation and only works on weak
passwords.
Assuming that the NetBIOS TCP 139 port is open, the most effective method of breaking into a Windows NT or Windows 2000 system is password guessing. This is done by attempting to connect to an enumerated share ( IPC$ or C$ ) and trying a username and password combination. The most commonly used Administrator account and password combinations are words like Admin, Administrator, Sysadmin, or Password, or a null password.
A hacker may first try to connect to a default Admin$ , C$ , or C:\Windows share. To connect to the hidden C: drive share, for example, type the following command in the Run field (Start ➪ Run):
\\ip_address\c$
Automated programs can quickly generate dictionary files, word lists, or every possible combination of letters, numbers, and special characters and then attempt to log on using those credentials. Most systems prevent this type of attack by setting a maximum number of login attempts on a system before the account is locked.
In the following sections, we'll discuss how hackers can perform automated password guessing more closely, as well as countermeasures to such attacks.
A dictionary attack is the simplest and quickest type of attack. It's used to identify a password that is an actual word, which can be found in a dictionary. Most commonly, the attack uses a dictionary file of possible words, which is hashed using the same algorithm used by the authentication process. Then, the hashed dictionary words are compared with hashed passwords as the user logs on, or with passwords stored in a file on the server. The dictionary attack works only if the password is an actual dictionary word; therefore, this type of attack has some limitations. It can't be used against strong passwords containing numbers or other symbols.
A hybrid attack is the next level of attack a hacker attempts if the password can't be found using a dictionary attack. The hybrid attack starts with a dictionary file and substitutes numbers and symbols for characters in the password. For example, many users add the number 1 to the end of their password to meet strong password requirements. A hybrid attack is designed to find those types of anomalies in passwords.
The most time-consuming type of attack is a brute-force attack, which tries every possible combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. A brute-force attack is the slowest of the three types of attacks because of the many possible combinations of characters in the password. However, brute force is effective; given enough time and processing power, all passwords can eventually be identified.
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This blog based on two major concepts:
- Understand password-cracking techniques
- Understand different types of passwords
The simplest way to crack the passwords
The first step is to access the system is that you should know how to crack the password of the target system. Passwords are the key element of information require to access the system, and users also selects passwords that are easy to guess such as mostly people has a passwords of their pet's name or room number etc to help them remember it. Because of this human factor, most password guessing is successful if some information is known about the target. Information gathering and reconnaissance can help give away information that will help a hacker guess a user's password.Once a password is guessed or cracked, it can be the launching point for escalating privileges, executing applications, hiding files, and covering tracks. If guessing a password fails, then passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools such as a dictionary or brute-force method.
Types of Passwords
- Only numbers
- Only letters
- Only special characters
- Letters and numbers
- Only letters and special characters
- Numbers, letters and special characters
- Must not contain any part of the user's account name
- Must have a minimum of eight characters
- Must contain characters from at least three of the following categories:
- Non alphanumeric symbols ($,:"%@!#)
- Numbers
- Uppercase letters
- Lowercase letters
Passive Online
Eavesdropping on network password exchanges. Passive online attacksinclude sniffing, man-in-the-middle, and replay attacks. Moreover, a passive online attack is also known as sniffing the password on a wired or wireless network. A passive attack is not detectable to the end user. The password is captured during the authentication process and can then be compared against a dictionary file or word list. User account passwords are commonly hashed or encrypted when sent on the network to prevent unauthorized access and use. If the password is protected by encryption or hashing, special tools in the hacker's toolkit can be used to break the algorithm.
Another passive online attack is known as man-in-the-middle (MITM). In a MITM attack, the hacker intercepts the authentication request and forwards it to the server. By inserting a sniffer between the client and the server, the hacker is able to sniff both connections and capture passwords in the process.
A replay attack is also a passive online attack; it occurs when the hacker intercepts the password en route to the authentication server and then captures and resend the authentication packets for later authentication. In this manner, the hacker doesn't have to break the password or learn the password through MITM but rather captures the password and reuses the password-authentication packets later to authenticate as the client.
Active Online
Guessing the Administrator password. Active online attacks include auto-mated password guessing. Moreover, The easiest way to gain administrator-level access to a system is to guess a simple password assuming the administrator used a simple password. Password guessing is an active online attack. It relies on the human factor involved in password creation and only works on weak
passwords.
Assuming that the NetBIOS TCP 139 port is open, the most effective method of breaking into a Windows NT or Windows 2000 system is password guessing. This is done by attempting to connect to an enumerated share ( IPC$ or C$ ) and trying a username and password combination. The most commonly used Administrator account and password combinations are words like Admin, Administrator, Sysadmin, or Password, or a null password.
A hacker may first try to connect to a default Admin$ , C$ , or C:\Windows share. To connect to the hidden C: drive share, for example, type the following command in the Run field (Start ➪ Run):
\\ip_address\c$
Automated programs can quickly generate dictionary files, word lists, or every possible combination of letters, numbers, and special characters and then attempt to log on using those credentials. Most systems prevent this type of attack by setting a maximum number of login attempts on a system before the account is locked.
In the following sections, we'll discuss how hackers can perform automated password guessing more closely, as well as countermeasures to such attacks.
Performing Automated Password Guessing
To speed up the guessing of a password, hackers use automated tools. An easy process for automating password guessing is to use the Windows shell commands based on the standard NET USE syntax. To create a simple automated password-guessing script, perform the following steps:- Create a simple username and password file using Windows Notepad. Automated tools such as the Dictionary Generator are available to create this word list. Save the file on the C: drive as credentials.txt.
- Pipe this file using the FOR command: C:\> FOR /F "token=1, 2*" %i in (credentials.txt)
- Type net use \\targetIP\IPC$ %i /u: %j to use the credentials.txt file to attempt to log on to the target system's hidden share.
Offline Attacks
Offline attacks are performed from a location other than the actual computer where the passwords reside or were used. Offline attacks usually require physical access to the computer and copying the password file from the system onto removable media. The hacker then takes the file to another computer to perform the cracking. Several types of offline password attacks exist.| Types of Attack | Characteristics | Password Example |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary attack | Attempts to use passwords from a list of dictionary words | Administrator |
| Hybrid attack | Substitutes numbers of symbols for password characters | Adm1n1strator |
| Brute-force attack | Tries all possible combinations of letters, numbers, and special characters | Ms!tr245@F5a |
A dictionary attack is the simplest and quickest type of attack. It's used to identify a password that is an actual word, which can be found in a dictionary. Most commonly, the attack uses a dictionary file of possible words, which is hashed using the same algorithm used by the authentication process. Then, the hashed dictionary words are compared with hashed passwords as the user logs on, or with passwords stored in a file on the server. The dictionary attack works only if the password is an actual dictionary word; therefore, this type of attack has some limitations. It can't be used against strong passwords containing numbers or other symbols.
A hybrid attack is the next level of attack a hacker attempts if the password can't be found using a dictionary attack. The hybrid attack starts with a dictionary file and substitutes numbers and symbols for characters in the password. For example, many users add the number 1 to the end of their password to meet strong password requirements. A hybrid attack is designed to find those types of anomalies in passwords.
The most time-consuming type of attack is a brute-force attack, which tries every possible combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. A brute-force attack is the slowest of the three types of attacks because of the many possible combinations of characters in the password. However, brute force is effective; given enough time and processing power, all passwords can eventually be identified.
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The topic of DEATH is not one that most people care to talk about, but the truth is that we are all going to die at some point and everything that we did online is going to end up in limbo if we don't make sure that someone we trust is going to be able to gain access to this information. This is going to be extremely important in order to close it down, or have your loved one do whatever you want them to do with your information. There are many things to take into consideration for this kind of situation. If you are like the average modern person, you probably have at least one email account, a couple of social media accounts in places like Facebook and Twitter. Perhaps you also have a website that you run or a blog. These are all very common things that people will usually do at some point and if you have anything that you consider valuable, you should have a way to leave it in the hands of someone you trust when you pass away.
Pass Accounts and Passwords After Death
Maybe you have an online platform that has a lot of content that you find useful and important. Perhaps you have even been able to turn some of that content into monetizable material and you don't want this to end when you pass away. This is more than enough of a reason to make sure that your information can be given to someone when you are no longer around.
There have been many cases when all the information has ended up being impossible to recover when a person has died, at least not without the need for the family members to do all kinds of things in order to prove a person is deceased. So here are some ways, you can passyour online accounts/data after death:
1) Making a Safe 'WILL' (or Locker) containing master password.
- Make an inventory of all your online accounts and list them on a piece of paper one by one and give it to your loved one. For eg:– Your primary email address
– Your Facebook ID/email
– The Bank account or Internet banking ID
– etc. To clarify, it will be only a list of the accounts you want your loved one to be able to access after you're dead. Just the list of accounts, nothing else (no passwords). - Set up a brand new e-mail address (Possibly Gmail account). Lets say youraccountsinfo@gmail.com
- Now from your usual email account, Send an e-mail to youraccountsinfo@gmail.com, with the following content:– dd349r4yt9dfj
– sd456pu3t9p4
– s2398sds4938523540
– djfsf4p These are, of course, the passwords and account numbers that you want your loved one to have once you're dead. - Tell your loved one that you did these things, and while you're at it, send him/her an e-mail from youraccountsinfo@gmail.com, so he/she will have the address handy in some special folder in his/her inbox.
- Put the password for youraccountsinfo@gmail.com in your will or write it down on paper and keep it safe in your bank locker. Don't include the e-mail address as well, just put something like "The password is: loveyourhoney432d".
And its done! Your loved one will only have the password once you're dead, and the info is also secure, since it's split in two places that cannot be easily connected, so if the e-mail address happens to be hacked, the perpetrator won't be able to use it to steal anything that you're going to leave for your loved one.
2) Preparing a Future email (SWITCH) containing login information
This method is very similar to the first one except in this case we will not be using a WILL or Locker. Instead we will be using a Service called "Dead Mans Switch" that creates a switch (Future email) and sends it to your recipients after a particular time interval. Here is how it works.
- Create a list of accounts as discussed in the first method and give it to your loved one.
- Register on "Dead mans switch" and create a switch containing all the corresponding passwords and enter the recipients email (Your loved one).
- Your switch will email you every so often, asking you to show that you are fine by clicking a link. If something happens to you, your switch would then send the email you wrote to the recipient you specified. Sort of an "electronic will", one could say.
3) Using password managers that have emergency access feature
Password managers like LastPass and Dashlane have a feature called as "emergency access". It functions as a dead man's switch. You just have to add your loved one to your password manager, with emergency access rights. he/She does not see any of your information, nor can he/she log into your accounts normally.
But if the worst happens, your loved one can invoke the emergency access option. Next your password manager sends an email to you and starts a timer. If, after a certain amount of time interval, you have not refused the request, then your loved one gets full access to your password manager.
You can always decide what they can potentially gain access to, and you set the time delay.
Why should i bother about passing my digital legacy?
Of all the major online platforms, only Google and Facebook have provisions for Inactiveaccounts (in case of death). Google lets you plan for the inevitable ahead of time. Using the "Inactive Account Manager", you can designate a beneficiary who will inherit access to any or all of your Google accounts after a specified period of inactivity (the default is 3 months).
Facebook on the other hand will either delete your inactive account or turn it into a memorial page when their family can provide any proof of their death, but there is also a large number of platforms that don't have any specific way for people to be able to verify the death of a loved one in order to gain access to the accounts. In either case, you wouldn't want your family to have to suffer through any hassles and complications after you have passed away.
You should also consider the importance of being able to allow your loved ones to collect all the data you left behind. This means photos and experiences that can be used to show other generations the way that you lived and the kind of things you enjoyed doing.
Those memories are now easier to keep and the best photos can be downloaded for the purpose of printing them for photo albums or frames. Allowing them to have the chance to do this in a practical way is going to be a great gesture and securing any profitable information is going to be essential if you want a business or idea to keep moving forward with the help of those you trust.
This is the reason why you need to be able to pass your online account information after death, but no one wants to give access to this kind of information to their loved ones because it's of a private nature and we would feel uneasy knowing that others can access our private conversations or message.
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WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY?
OR
Cryptography is a method of protecting information and communication through the use of codes so that only those whom the information is intended can read and process it.
Information plays a vital role in running of business and organizations etc, information in the wrong hands can leads to loss of business.
To secure communication organizations use cryptology to cipher information .
The process of transforming information into nonhuman readable form or vice versa is called cryptography.
Cryptography is the science of ciphering and deciphering messages.
OR
Cryptography is a method of protecting information and communication through the use of codes so that only those whom the information is intended can read and process it.
In Computer Science, cryptography refers to secure information and communication techniques derived from mathematical concepts , a set of rule based calculations called algorithm to transform message in ways the hard to readable for human.
Information plays a vital role in running of business and organizations etc, information in the wrong hands can leads to loss of business.
To secure communication organizations use cryptology to cipher information .
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Saturday, 11 April 2020
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The world of Gaia is living an era of unprecedented technological marvel, led by Arcadia, home of Archimedes and his engineering revolution. However, there's a power hidden from regular folk and forgotten by many: magic.
One relic from the days when Knights and Mages were fighting united in the Direfolk War is the weapon our Hero wields: the Caster Gun, a rare device created by the best Arcadian Mages, able to transmute the raw elements of nature you'll find along the journey into combat spells.
Oceanhorn 2: Knights of the Lost Realm features four main spell types: Fire, Ice, Lightning and Heal, each useful for a specific purpose.
As you might guess, Fire will allow you to burn down wooden objects, destroy weak walls and inflict massive damages against vulnerable enemies. Ice can freeze enemies in place, or spawn floating ice rafts on the surface of the water. Lightning stuns enemies and is useful to power devices or solve electricity-based puzzles. Last but not least, when you're running low on HP, the Health spell will allow Hero to recover some much-needed hearts.
During the game, you'll also be able to increase the efficacy of this weapon thanks to the Power-Up Shards that you'll find as rewards from treasure chests scattered around the map. Once equipped, they will increase either Damage, Might (which influences duration and area of effect) or Charge (the cooldown) of the Caster Gun.
This is all for today, but remember: there are many other gadgets waiting for you in Oceanhorn 2: Knights of the Lost Realm – keep your eyes peeled for more!
---
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Wednesday, 8 April 2020
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Ever wanted to effortlessly paint beautiful landscapes where there are no mistakes and only happy accidents? FlowScape offers that with its built-in selection of trees, houses, forts, mountains, flowers, wild critters and so much more, all at your immediate disposal. It's easy, just click and paint, and the results are breathtaking.
FlowScape boasts hundreds of unique 3D models, an intuitive interface, an ever-growing community and free content updates. The toolbar has advanced paint options such as align to landscape, size, flow of the brush, random leaning, grow speed, and layers to determine where things get painted. Drop objects such as rocks, logs, twigs and leaves in real-time physics into your scene.
You can use a combination of twenty-four 4k textures for your landscape and then choose from twenty-four different skies. In the camera settings there are plenty of sliders to allow you lots of control over your final image.
Ten different sound ambiances from birds, insects, water and weather can be added to your scene to immerse you into your special world.
You can save screenshots up to 8k, create panoramas or make videos using your favorite capture app. If you play D&D we have a top-down view with optional square and hexagonal grids, and 2K-8K image export for battle maps.
If the included models don't offer the versatility you need, you can import your own using the obj. format exported from your favorite modelling program or get many free ones from online.
We cant wait to see what amazing stories you will create!
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FlowScape DRMFREE Free Download
FlowScape DRMFREE Free Download PC Game setup in single direct link for Windows. It is an amazing casual, simulation and indie game.
FlowScape DRMFREE PC Game 2019 Overview
Ever wanted to effortlessly paint beautiful landscapes where there are no mistakes and only happy accidents? FlowScape offers that with its built-in selection of trees, houses, forts, mountains, flowers, wild critters and so much more, all at your immediate disposal. It's easy, just click and paint, and the results are breathtaking.
FlowScape boasts hundreds of unique 3D models, an intuitive interface, an ever-growing community and free content updates. The toolbar has advanced paint options such as align to landscape, size, flow of the brush, random leaning, grow speed, and layers to determine where things get painted. Drop objects such as rocks, logs, twigs and leaves in real-time physics into your scene.
You can use a combination of twenty-four 4k textures for your landscape and then choose from twenty-four different skies. In the camera settings there are plenty of sliders to allow you lots of control over your final image.
Ten different sound ambiances from birds, insects, water and weather can be added to your scene to immerse you into your special world.
You can save screenshots up to 8k, create panoramas or make videos using your favorite capture app. If you play D&D we have a top-down view with optional square and hexagonal grids, and 2K-8K image export for battle maps.
If the included models don't offer the versatility you need, you can import your own using the obj. format exported from your favorite modelling program or get many free ones from online.
We cant wait to see what amazing stories you will create!
Technical Specifications of This Release.
- Game Version : Initial Release
- Interface Language: English
- Audio Language : English
- Uploader / Re packer Group: Drmfree
- Game File Name : FlowScape_DRMFREE.zip
- Game Download Size : 5.4 GB
- MD5SUM : c22170d0cbd5add10cb2d387c3701362
System Requirements of FlowScape DRMFREE
Before you start FlowScape DRMFREE Free Download make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements.
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* OS: Windows 7
* Processor: 1.8 GHz
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* Graphics: 1 GB VRAM
* DirectX: Version 11
* Storage: 4 GB available space
* OS: Windows 7
* Processor: 1.8 GHz
* Memory: 4 GB RAM
* Graphics: 1 GB VRAM
* DirectX: Version 11
* Storage: 4 GB available space
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* Requires a 64-bit processor and operating system
* OS: Windows 10
* Processor: 2 GHz
* Memory: 8 GB RAM
* Graphics: 4 GB VRAM
* DirectX: Version 11
* Storage: 4 GB available space
* OS: Windows 10
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* Memory: 8 GB RAM
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FlowScape DRMFREE Free Download
Click on the below button to start FlowScape DRMFREE. It is full and complete game. Just download and start playing it. We have provided direct link full setup of the game.
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Size:5.39 GB
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Virus status: scanned by Avast security
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